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CCIE Ep. 13 CrYpt0*DMVPN.sha

CC1E 0x108D4
14 min readDec 24, 2021

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Hey There! First of all, I suggest you should get a couple of coffee or your favorite tea.

Today I’ll share some techniques around Dynamic Multipoint Virtual Private Network ( a.k.a DMVPN).

So, DMVPN allows us to make dynamic and static tunnels between hubs and Spokes. Many times Hubs will be routers in Headquarter or Data-center and spokes are routers allocated on branches and remote locations.

The second thing that we must keep in mind is that a DMVPN puzzle has some pieces:

  • Multipoint GRE (mGRE);
    That’s the same as GRE but allows one interface to make multiples tunnels.
  • Next Hop Resolution Protocol
    NHRP permits spokes report to NHS their Public IP address and send NHRP resolution to reach and create a dynamic GRE tunnel to remote spoke. Server role for Hubs (NHS) and clients for spokes (NHC).
  • Routing Protocols
    To change LSA, Network prefix and/or NLRI.
  • IPsec (option but you should use).
    Protect data on transport network.

Another piece of DMVPN is their phases:

  • Phase 1
    Spoke make traditional point-to-point GRE tunnel. All traffic must pass through Hub and Spoke-to-spoke isn’t allowed.
  • Phase 2
    All spokes performs Multipoint GRE. Because that, Spoke-to-spoke tunneling is allowed. When spoke want reach another spoke, it will send a NHRP resolution request to hub to find NBMA IP address of the other spoke. Only hub exchange routing information with Spokes and Spokes must known a route to remote network. Next hop IP of the route has to be the remote spoke.
  • Phase 3
    In this phase doesn’t matter specific route or next hop IP address. Here, NHRP uses Redirect message to both spokes. when spokes receive redirect message they install an specific entry in the routing table so that can reach each other directly.

Design consideration

Many routing protocols is supported in DMVNP deploy, but Link state protocols, Distance vector protocols and Path vector protocols doesn’t working in the same mean.

Links State Protocol

Link state protocol like OSPF doesn’t exchange Network and Prefix-length. Instead LSAs are exchange and has areas strategy for scalability technique. Understand that, Keep in mind worse point when deploy OSPF in DMVPN is that both hubs and spoke must stay in the same area.

Flap networks at any spoke means SPF tree rerun.

Another strategy is put backbone in backbone area and spoke with small two areas in LSDB.

Distance vector protocol

Not, no thing in rip. That old protoocol has some limitation among all version RIP, RIPv2 and RIPng.

Opposite RIP and link state protocol, EIGRP doesn’t exchange LSAs and can perform filtering and summarization in arbitrary interface is the most preferred protocol when possible during DMVPN deploy.

EIGRP allows us to make summarization, route filtering like distribute list, off-set list where is needed.

Path Vector protocol

BGP is supported for both underlay and overlay network in Internal or external peering approach. When eBGP, each spoke must be manually configured to be neighbor with Hub. On iBGP, dynamic peering can be used.

hand-on

Topology reference

Base configuration

! HUB-A
hostname HUB-a
!
interface Loopback0
 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
 ip address 203.0.113.1 255.255.255.128
 duplex auto
 speed auto
 media-type rj45
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
 ip address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
 speed auto
 media-type rj45! HUB-b
hostname HUB-b
!
interface Loopback0
 ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.255
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
 ip address 203.0.113.2 255.255.255.128
 duplex auto
 speed auto
 media-type rj45
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
 ip address 10.1.2.2 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
 speed auto
 media-type rj45! SPOKE A
hostname Spoke-A
!
 ip address 10.100.0.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
 ip address 203.0.113.100 255.255.255.128
 duplex auto
 speed auto
 media-type rj45
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
 ip address 10.100.1.1 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
 speed auto
 media-type rj45! SPOKE B
hostname Spoke-B
!
interface Loopback0
 ip address 10.101.0.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
 ip address 203.0.113.101 255.255.255.128
 duplex auto
 speed auto
 media-type rj45
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
 ip address 10.101.1.1 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
 speed auto
 media-type rj45

Front door VRF also called FVRF
To protect global RIB from possible leak route on public network (ISP), FVRF will be created on WAN Interface and Loopback that is tunnel source.

! on All devices
vrf definition DMVPN
 ! 
 rd 65001:<nn>
 address-family ipv4
 exit-address-family
! nn = 1=hubA, 2=HubB, 100=SpokeA and 101=SpokeB! HUB-A
hostname HUB-a
!
interface Loopback0
 vrf forwarding DMVPN
 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
 vrf forwarding DMVPN
 ip address 203.0.113.1 255.255.255.128
 duplex auto
 speed auto
 media-type rj45
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
 ip address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
 speed auto
 media-type rj45! HUB-b
hostname HUB-b
!
interface Loopback0
 vrf forwarding DMVPN
 ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.255
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
 vrf forwarding DMVPN
 ip address 203.0.113.2 255.255.255.128
 duplex auto
 speed auto
 media-type rj45
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
 ip address 10.1.2.2 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
 speed auto
 media-type rj45! SPOKE A
hostname Spoke-A
!
interface Loopback0
 vrf forwarding DMVPN
 ip address 10.100.0.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
 vrf forwarding DMVPN
 ip address 203.0.113.100 255.255.255.128
 duplex auto
 speed auto
 media-type rj45
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
 ip address 10.100.1.1 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
 speed auto
 media-type rj45! SPOKE B
hostname Spoke-B
!
interface Loopback0
 vrf forwarding DMVPN
 ip address 10.101.0.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
 vrf forwarding DMVPN
 ip address 203.0.113.101 255.255.255.128
 duplex auto
 speed auto
 media-type rj45
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
 ip address 10.101.1.1 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
 speed auto
 media-type rj45

Verification

! Hub A
show vrf brief
  Name         Default RD            Protocols   Interfaces
  DMVPN        <65001:1>             ipv4        Lo0 Gi0/0! ICMP test
HUB-a#tclsh
HUB-a(tcl)#foreach device {
+>203.0.113.1
+>203.0.113.2
+>203.0.113.100
+>203.0.113.101
+>} { ping vrf DMVPN $device source g0/0 }
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 203.0.113.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 203.0.113.1
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 2/5/14 ms
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 203.0.113.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 203.0.113.1
.!!!!
Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/25/38 ms
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 203.0.113.100, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 203.0.113.1
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 17/27/33 ms
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 203.0.113.101, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 203.0.113.1
.!!!!
Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 19/21/23 ms
HUB-a(tcl)#

BGP

BGP here is used on our underlay network. NRLI of loopbacks will be exchange between hubs and spooke and in the future DMVPN will use Loopback IPs to turn VPNs up.

HUB A
router bgp 65001
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 !
 address-family ipv4 vrf DMVPN
  network 10.1.1.1 mask 255.255.255.255
  neighbor DMVPN peer-group
  neighbor DMVPN remote-as 65001 
  neighbor DMVPN route-reflector-client
  neighbor DMVPN next-hop-self
  neighbor 203.0.113.100 peer-group DMVPN
  neighbor 203.0.113.100 activate
  neighbor 203.0.113.101 peer-group DMVPN
  neighbor 203.0.113.101 activate
 exit-address-familyHUB-a(tcl)#foreach spoke {
+>10.100.0.1
+>10.101.0.1
+>} { ping vrf DMVPN $spoke source g0/0}
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.100.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 203.0.113.1
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 6/7/8 ms
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.101.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 203.0.113.1
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 6/7/9 ms
HUB-a(tcl)#
HUB A BGP table
HUB B
router bgp 65001
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 !
 address-family ipv4 vrf DMVPN
  network 10.1.1.2 mask 255.255.255.255
  neighbor DMVPN peer-group
  neighbor DMVPN remote-as 65001 
  neighbor DMVPN route-reflector-client
  neighbor DMVPN next-hop-self
  neighbor 203.0.113.100 peer-group DMVPN
  neighbor 203.0.113.100 activate
  neighbor 203.0.113.101 peer-group DMVPN
  neighbor 203.0.113.101 activate
 exit-address-familyHUB-b#tclsh
HUB-b(tcl)#foreach spoke {
+>10.100.0.1
+>10.101.0.1
+>} { ping  vrf DMVPN $spoke source g0/0}
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.100.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 203.0.113.2
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 7/8/9 ms
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.101.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 203.0.113.2
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 6/8/11 ms
HUB-b(tcl)#
HUB B BGP table
Spoke A
router bgp 65001
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 !
 address-family ipv4 vrf DMVPN
  network 10.100.0.1 mask 255.255.255.255
  neighbor DMVPN peer-group
  neighbor DMVPN remote-as 65001
  neighbor 203.0.113.1 peer-group DMVPN
  neighbor 203.0.113.1 activate
  neighbor 203.0.113.2 peer-group DMVPN
  neighbor 203.0.113.2 activate
 exit-address-family
SPOKE A BGP table
Spoke B
router bgp 65001
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 !
 address-family ipv4 vrf DMVPN
  network 10.101.0.1 mask 255.255.255.255
  neighbor DMVPN peer-group
  neighbor DMVPN remote-as 65001
  neighbor 203.0.113.1 peer-group DMVPN
  neighbor 203.0.113.1 activate
  neighbor 203.0.113.2 peer-group DMVPN
  neighbor 203.0.113.2 activate
 exit-address-family
SPOKE B BGP table

DMVPN PHASE 2

In this step, setting interface tunnel0 as also mGRE and NHRP options.

HUB A
interface Tunnel0
 ip address 192.0.2.1 255.255.255.0
 no ip redirects
 ip mtu 1400
 ip nhrp authentication P4S$vpn
 ip nhrp map multicast dynamic
 ip nhrp network-id 100
 ip nhrp holdtime 600
 ip tcp adjust-mss 1360
 tunnel source Loopback0
 tunnel mode gre multipoint
 tunnel key 100
 tunnel vrf DMVPN ! Front door VRF
Hub A VPNs
HUB B
interface Tunnel0
 ip address 192.0.3.2 255.255.255.0
 no ip redirects
 ip mtu 1400
 ip nhrp authentication PAS$vpn
 ip nhrp map multicast dynamic
 ip nhrp network-id 101
 ip nhrp holdtime 600
 tunnel source Loopback0
 tunnel mode gre multipoint
 tunnel key 101
 tunnel vrf DMVPN ! Front door VRF
Hub B VPNs
SPOKE A
interface Tunnel0
 description DMVPN-1
 ip address 192.0.2.100 255.255.255.0
 no ip redirects
 ip mtu 1400
 ip nhrp authentication P4S$vpn
 ip nhrp map multicast 10.1.1.1
 ip nhrp map 192.0.2.1 10.1.1.1
 ip nhrp network-id 100
 ip nhrp holdtime 600
 ip nhrp nhs 192.0.2.1
 ip tcp adjust-mss 1360
 tunnel source Loopback0
 tunnel mode gre multipoint
 tunnel key 100
 tunnel vrf DMVPNinterface Tunnel1
 description DMVPN-2
 ip address 192.0.3.100 255.255.255.0
 no ip redirects
 ip mtu 1400
 ip nhrp authentication PAS$vpn
 ip nhrp map multicast 10.1.1.2
 ip nhrp map 192.0.3.2 10.1.1.2
 ip nhrp network-id 101
 ip nhrp holdtime 600
 ip nhrp nhs 192.0.3.2
 ip tcp adjust-mss 1360
 tunnel source Loopback0
 tunnel mode gre multipoint
 tunnel key 101
 tunnel vrf DMVPN ! Front door VRF
Spoke A VPNs
SPOKE B
interface Tunnel0
 description DMVPN-1
 ip address 192.0.2.101 255.255.255.0
 no ip redirects
 ip mtu 1400
 ip nhrp authentication P4S$vpn
 ip nhrp map multicast 10.1.1.1
 ip nhrp map 192.0.2.1 10.1.1.1
 ip nhrp network-id 100
 ip nhrp holdtime 600
 ip nhrp nhs 192.0.2.1
 ip tcp adjust-mss 1360
 tunnel source Loopback0
 tunnel mode gre multipoint
 tunnel key 100
 tunnel vrf DMVPNinterface Tunnel1
 description DMVPN-2
 ip address 192.0.3.101 255.255.255.0
 no ip redirects
 ip mtu 1400
 ip nhrp authentication PAS$vpn
 ip nhrp map multicast 10.1.1.2
 ip nhrp map 192.0.3.2 10.1.1.2
 ip nhrp network-id 101
 ip nhrp holdtime 600
 ip nhrp nhs 192.0.3.2
 ip tcp adjust-mss 1360
 tunnel source Loopback0
 tunnel mode gre multipoint
 tunnel key 101
 tunnel vrf DMVPN ! Front door VRF
Spoke B VPNs

Note, in phase 1 tunnel is P-Pgre with destination to Hubs’ IP. Phase 2 and 3 suport mGRE.

ROUTING WITH EIGRP

HUB A 
router eigrp CCIE
 !
 address-family ipv4 unicast autonomous-system 65001
  !
  af-interface Tunnel0
   summary-address 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 
   no ip next-hop-self 
   no ip split-horizon 
  exit-af-interface
  !
  topology base
  exit-af-topology
  network 10.1.0.0 0.0.255.255
  network 192.0.2.1 0.0.0.0
 exit-address-familyHUB B
router eigrp CCIE
 !
 address-family ipv4 unicast autonomous-system 65001
  !
  af-interface Tunnel0
   summary-address 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0   
   no ip split-horizon
  exit-af-interface
  !
  topology base
  exit-af-topology
  network 10.1.0.0 0.0.255.255
  network 192.0.3.2 0.0.0.0
 exit-address-family

Note, by default split-horizon and change next hop IP are anable.

Spoke A
router eigrp CCIE
 !
 address-family ipv4 unicast autonomous-system 65001
  !
  af-interface Tunnel0
   summary-address 10.100.0.0 255.255.0.0
  exit-af-interface
  !
  af-interface Tunnel1
   summary-address 10.100.0.0 255.255.0.0
  exit-af-interface
  !
  af-interface GigabitEthernet0/1
   passive-interface
  exit-af-interface
  !
  topology base
  exit-af-topology
  network 10.100.0.0 0.0.255.255
  network 192.0.2.100 0.0.0.0
  network 192.0.3.100 0.0.0.0
 exit-address-familySpoke B
router eigrp CCIE
 !
 address-family ipv4 unicast autonomous-system 65001
  !
  af-interface GigabitEthernet0/1
   passive-interface
  exit-af-interface
  !
  af-interface Tunnel1
   summary-address 10.101.0.0 255.255.0.0
  exit-af-interface
  !
  af-interface Tunnel0
   summary-address 10.101.0.0 255.255.0.0
  exit-af-interface
  !
  topology base
  exit-af-topology
  network 10.101.0.0 0.0.255.255
  network 192.0.2.101 0.0.0.0
  network 192.0.3.101 0.0.0.0
 exit-address-famil

Verifying EIGRP

EIGRP NEIGHBORS
EIGRP Topology
EIGRP ROUTES
First trace, NHRP resolution: Spoke — hub — spoke
Second trace, Spoke to spoke
NHRP Entries

DMVPN PHASE 3

at this stage, NHRP adding a new message called NHRP redirect. When an spoke send nhrp resolution request, Hub also sent a nhrp redirect. It`s has same idea of icmp redirect message.

HUBs
interface Tunnel0
ip nhrp ridirect
!
router eigrp CCIE
 !
 address-family ipv4 unicast autonomous-system 65001
  !
  af-interface Tunnel0
   summary-address 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0
  exit-af-interfaceSPOKES
interface tunnel0
 ip nhrp shortcut
interface tunnel1
 ip nhrp shortcut

Disable split-horizon is not necessary because specific entries or route is not requiered thanks to NHRP cache. Let`s check all

Routes learned by NHRP H
Spoke A`s client ping to Spoke B`s client

Protect DMVPN with IPsec

IPsec has two phases that are phase 1 and phase 2.
PHASE 1 isamkp policy that`s must match among all routers. Phase 2 is IPsec profile

! All routers 
! Phase 1
crypto keyring DMVPN-KEY vrf DMVPN  ! FVRF
  pre-shared-key address 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 key Sec*words
crypto isakmp policy 10
 encr aes 256
 hash sha256
 authentication pre-share
 group 14 ! 
! Pahse 2
crypto ipsec transform-set TRANS_DMVPN esp-aes 256 esp-sha-hmac
 mode tunnel
crypto ipsec profile IPSEC-PROFILE-DMVPN
 set transform-set TRANS_DMVPN!HUBs
interface tunnel0
 tunnel protection ipsec profile IPSEC-PROFILE-DMVPN!SPOKES
interface tunnel0
 tunnel protection ipsec profile IPSEC-PROFILE-DMVPN sharedinterface tunnel1
 tunnel protection ipsec profile IPSEC-PROFILE-DMVPN shared

IPSEC and ISAKMP Security Association

Spoke-A#show crypto isakmp sa
IPv4 Crypto ISAKMP SA
dst             src             state          conn-id status
10.100.0.1      10.101.0.1      QM_IDLE           1005 ACTIVE
10.101.0.1      10.100.0.1      QM_IDLE           1004 ACTIVE
10.100.0.1      10.1.1.2        QM_IDLE           1002 ACTIVE
10.1.1.2        10.100.0.1      QM_IDLE           1001 ACTIVE
10.1.1.1        10.100.0.1      QM_IDLE           1003 ACTIVESpoke-A#show crypto ipsec sa peer 10.1.1.1interface: Tunnel1
    Crypto map tag: IPSEC-PROFILE-DMVPN-head-1, local addr 10.100.0.1protected vrf: (none)
   local  ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (10.100.0.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
   remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (10.1.1.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
   current_peer 10.1.1.1 port 500
     PERMIT, flags={origin_is_acl,}
    #pkts encaps: 245, #pkts encrypt: 245, #pkts digest: 245
    #pkts decaps: 249, #pkts decrypt: 249, #pkts verify: 249
    #pkts compressed: 0, #pkts decompressed: 0
    #pkts not compressed: 0, #pkts compr. failed: 0
    #pkts not decompressed: 0, #pkts decompress failed: 0
    #send errors 0, #recv errors 0local crypto endpt.: 10.100.0.1, remote crypto endpt.: 10.1.1.1
     plaintext mtu 1454, path mtu 1514, ip mtu 1514, ip mtu idb Loopback0
     current outbound spi: 0xB9FC8717(3120334615)
     PFS (Y/N): N, DH group: noneinbound esp sas:
      spi: 0xD5467763(3578165091)
        transform: esp-256-aes esp-sha-hmac ,
        in use settings ={Tunnel, }
        conn id: 9, flow_id: SW:9, sibling_flags 80004040, crypto map: IPSEC-PROFILE-DMVPN-head-1
        sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (4298751/2541)
        IV size: 16 bytes
        replay detection support: Y
        Status: ACTIVE(ACTIVE)inbound ah sas:inbound pcp sas:outbound esp sas:
      spi: 0xB9FC8717(3120334615)
        transform: esp-256-aes esp-sha-hmac ,
        in use settings ={Tunnel, }
        conn id: 10, flow_id: SW:10, sibling_flags 80004040, crypto map: IPSEC-PROFILE-DMVPN-head-1
        sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (4298752/2541)
        IV size: 16 bytes
        replay detection support: Y
        Status: ACTIVE(ACTIVE)outbound ah sas:outbound pcp sas:interface: Tunnel0
    Crypto map tag: IPSEC-PROFILE-DMVPN-head-1, local addr 10.100.0.1protected vrf: (none)
   local  ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (10.100.0.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
   remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (10.1.1.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
   current_peer 10.1.1.1 port 500
     PERMIT, flags={origin_is_acl,}
    #pkts encaps: 245, #pkts encrypt: 245, #pkts digest: 245
    #pkts decaps: 249, #pkts decrypt: 249, #pkts verify: 249
    #pkts compressed: 0, #pkts decompressed: 0
    #pkts not compressed: 0, #pkts compr. failed: 0
    #pkts not decompressed: 0, #pkts decompress failed: 0
    #send errors 0, #recv errors 0local crypto endpt.: 10.100.0.1, remote crypto endpt.: 10.1.1.1
     plaintext mtu 1454, path mtu 1514, ip mtu 1514, ip mtu idb Loopback0
     current outbound spi: 0xB9FC8717(3120334615)
     PFS (Y/N): N, DH group: noneinbound esp sas:
      spi: 0xD5467763(3578165091)
        transform: esp-256-aes esp-sha-hmac ,
        in use settings ={Tunnel, }
        conn id: 9, flow_id: SW:9, sibling_flags 80004040, crypto map: IPSEC-PROFILE-DMVPN-head-1
        sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (4298751/2541)
        IV size: 16 bytes
        replay detection support: Y
        Status: ACTIVE(ACTIVE)inbound ah sas:inbound pcp sas:outbound esp sas:
      spi: 0xB9FC8717(3120334615)
        transform: esp-256-aes esp-sha-hmac ,
        in use settings ={Tunnel, }
        conn id: 10, flow_id: SW:10, sibling_flags 80004040, crypto map: IPSEC-PROFILE-DMVPN-head-1
        sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (4298752/2541)
        IV size: 16 bytes
        replay detection support: Y
        Status: ACTIVE(ACTIVE)outbound ah sas:outbound pcp sas:

Conclusion

  • DMVPN has three phases and uses a lot of protocols (NHRP, GRE, IPsec, IP and routing protocols);
  • With FVRF, RIB WAN as isolated from global rib;
  • command tunnel vrf “leak” route on global rib;
  • IPsec was used to protect tunnel and traffic is crypted before GRE and NHRP;
  • Each routing protocol handling diferrent on DMVPN flavors;

Resources

Configurar Phase-3 DMVPN hierárquico com spokes da Multi-sub-rede

Este documento fornece a informação sobre como configurar um Dynamic Multipoint VPN (DMVPN) Phase-3 hierárquico com…

www.cisco.com

Dynamic Multipoint VPN Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS Release 15M&T - Dynamic Multipoint VPN…

Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest caveats and feature…

www.cisco.com

Understanding Next Hop Resolution Protocol Commands

With the vast amounts of data surging through modern networks, it can be difficult to ensure an efficient, effective…

www.globalknowledge.com

Go ahead. Keep going #CCIE EI

About me

Rafael Alves - Customer Success Specialist - Bachelors (Intern) - Cisco | LinkedIn

Young and motivated by technological innovation, I have expertise in LAN, WAN and security technologies. I work…

www.linkedin.com

Ccie
Dmvpn
Ipsec Vpn
Routing And Switching

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CC1E 0x108D4
CC1E 0x108D4

Written by CC1E 0x108D4

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